In 2019, facing the complex situation of rising risks and challenges at home and abroad, Hunan province, under the strong leadership of the CPC Hunan Provincial Committee and the People’s Government of Hunan Province, adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and implemented the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. It stuck to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining a stable performance; carried forward innovation-oriented opening up strategy; made every effort to fight the three tough battles of preventing financial risks, reducing poverty, and tackling pollution; continued to promote the industrial projects construction; and, ensured stable performance in six key areas (namely, stability in employment, finance, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and market expectations). The provincial economy has maintained a generally steady development trend, and has taken solid steps in high-quality development. This has laid a solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects and the successful conclusion of the “13th Five-Year Plan”.
Ⅰ. General Outlook
Based on the preliminary calculations, the total GDP of Hunan was 3975.21 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6% over last year. Of the total, the added value of the primary industry, secondary industry, and tertiary industry was 364.69 billion yuan, 1494.7 billion yuan, and 2115.82 billion yuan, showing an increase of 3.2%, 7.8%, and 8.1% respectively. Calculated in terms of permanent population, the per capita GDP was 57,540 yuan, up 7.1%.
The proportion of the three industrial sectors was 9.2: 37.6: 53.2. The proportion of the tertiary industry value added in regional GDP was almost the same as in the previous year. The industrial added value accounted for 29.3% of the regional GDP, making a year-on-year decline of 0.4 percentage points. The added value of high-tech sectors made up 23.8% of the regional GDP. The added value of non-public ownership sectors increased by 8.2%, accounting for 61.4% of the regional GDP. Strategic emerging industry made an added value increase of 9.9% and accounting for 8.6% of the regional GDP. The contribution rate of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industry was 3.6%, 44.4%, and 52% respectively. The added value of secondary industry and producer service industry respectively contributed 39.3% and 23.8% to economic growth, up 5.5 and 4.4 percentage points respectively year on year. The contribution rate of gross capital formation, final consumption expenditure, and net outflow of commodities and services to economic growth reached 44.5%, 56.6%, and -1.1% respectively.
Regionally, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) city cluster’s GDP was 1683.5 billion yuan, growing by 8% over last year. Southern Hunan’s GDP increased by 7.7% to 780.04 billion yuan. Western Hunan’s GDP was 666.75 billion yuan, rising 7.9%. Dongting Lake area’s GDP reached 919.71 billion yuan, up 7.7%.
Ⅱ. Agriculture
The added value of agriculture, forestry, husbandry, and fishery sectors hit 385.02 billion yuan, making a year-on-year increase of 3.5%. The added value of agriculture, forestry, and fishery was 212.4 billion, 31.92 billion, and 28.75 billion yuan, growing by 3.6%, 9.4%, and 7.1% respectively. That of the husbandry was 91.63 billion yuan, declining by 2.2%.
Hunan’s sown area of grain was 4616.4 thousand hectares, 131.5 thousand hectares less than last year. Among them, sowing area for summer season rice was 102.5 thousand hectares, a decrease of 21.2 thousand hectares; that for early season rice was 1094.6 thousand hectares, a decrease of 143.6 thousand hectares; and, that for autumn season rice was 3419.3 thousand hectares, an increase of 33.3 thousand hectares. Among the area of autumn season rice, the area of middle and late season rice was 1602.1 thousand hectares, an increase of 129.6 thousand hectares; while the area of double late season rice was 1158.5 thousand hectares, a decrease of 139.8 thousand hectares. Grain production totaled 29.748 million tons, down 1.6% over the previous year. Among them, the output of summer and early season rice was 413,000 tons and 6.614 million tons respectively, a decrease of 19.6% and 12.5% respectively. The output of autumn season rice increased by 2.5% to 22.721 million tons.
Cotton planting covered an area of 63 thousand hectares, a decrease of 0.9 thousand hectares over previous year. The planting area of sugar crops reached 7.4 thousand hectares, increased 30 hectares. The planting area for oil-bearing crops was 1365.5 thousand hectares, growing 20.8 thousand hectares. Vegetable planting area was 1313.2 thousand hectares, rising 48.3 thousand hectares. Cotton output declined by 4.5% to 82,000 tons; oil-bearing crops output grew by 2% to 2.392 million tons; flue-cured tobacco decreased by 2.5% to 184,000 tons; and, tea and vegetable output rose by 8.7% and 3.9% to 234,000 and 39.694 million tons respectively.
The total output of pork, beef, mutton, and poultry was 4.568 million tons in 2019, a decrease of 15.3% over the previous year. Among them, there are 3.485 million tons of pork, a decrease of 22%; 190,000 tons of beef, an increase of 6.1%; 159,000 tons of mutton, an increase of 6.7%; and, 734,000 tons, an increase of 22.9%. The number of slaughter pigs was 48.129 million, a decrease of 19.7%; slaughter cattle 1.625 million, an increase of 6.4%; and, slaughter sheep 9.715 million, an increase of 6.6%. At the end of the year, the number of pig stock was 26.983 million, a decrease of 29.4%%; breeding sow stock 2.48 million, a decrease of 34.5%; cattle stock 4.104 million, an increase of 6.5%; and, sheep stock 7.122 million, an increase of 6.6%. The output of poultry and eggs was 1.147 million tons, growing by 8.8%; milk output was 63,000 tons, increased by 1.6%; and, aquatic products output was 2.544 million tons, up 3%.
The newly-increased effective irrigation area of farmland in 2019 reached 30.2 thousand hectares, with the water-saving irrigation area increased by 38.7 thousand hectares. A total of 75,000 water conservancy projects came into operation, with an investment of 26.7 billion yuan and 1.02 billion cubic meters of water conservancy earthwork constructed. A total of 5445.8 km of rural roads were renovated and upgraded.
Ⅲ. Industry and Construction
The added value of industrial enterprises above the designated size grew by 8.3% over last year. Among all the industrial enterprises above the designated size, the non-public business increased by 10%, accounting for 74.4% of the total and up 2.3 percentage points over the previous year. The added value of high processing industry and hi-tech manufacturing rose by 13.1% and 16.3%, accounting for 37.8% and 11.3% of that of the industrial enterprises above designated size and up 1.5 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. The added value of equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated size increased by 14.1%, and accounted for 30.5% of the total. And, that of the provincial-and-above industrial parks increased by 8.1%, accounting for 69.7% of that of the industrial enterprises above designated size. The added value of six high energy-consuming industries grew by 5.4%, accounting for 29.1% of the industrial enterprises above designated size which was 0.8 percentage points lower than last year. Regionally, the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) city cluster area made a 8.8% increase in added value, with southern Hunan increasing by 8.2%, western part increased by 7.8%, and the Dongting Lake area up 8.1%.
Among the products of enterprises above designated size, 62.7% made higher output than last year. The output of rice was 14.69 million tons, down by 0.2%; fodder increased by 3% to 17.329 million tons; crude processing volume hit 9.341 million tons, a decrease of 1.5%; cement output totaled 111.949 million tons, an increase of 2.6%; steel was 24.516 million tons, growing by 2.8%; and ten non-ferrous metals output declined by 0.6% to 1.939 million tons. During the year, 44,000 concrete machineries were manufactured, with 17.8% growth over last year; and, 850,000 cars were produced, decreasing by 2.1%. The electric energy production reached 150.55 billion kilowatt hours, up 5.9% over the last year.
The profit of industrial enterprises above designated size totaled 187.08 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6%. The state-owned enterprises made a total profit of 8.36 billion yuan, up by 8.2%; collectively-owned enterprises made 310 million yuan, down by 0.3%; stock cooperative enterprises 110 million yuan, down by 3.6%; joint-equity enterprises 156.83 billion yuan, up 9.6%; foreign-funded and Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan-invested enterprises made a gross profit of 15.97 billion yuan, down by 16.5%; and, other domestic enterprises gained profits of 5.5 billion yuan, increasing by 7.4%. Top five profitable industrial sectors were: special equipment manufacturing, with a profit of 29.35 billion yuan, growing by 44%; non-metallic minerals product, gaining a profit of 20.25 billion yuan, up by 6.4%; chemical raw materials and chemical products, with a profit of 14.46 billion yuan, down by 0.2%; computer, communications, and other electronic equipment manufacturing, making a profit of 12.66 billion yuan, increasing by 3.9%; and, agricultural and sideline food processing, making a profit of 12.23 billion yuan, down by 7.2%. The cost of the main business income per 100 yuan of industrial enterprises above designated size was 81.9 yuan. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 50.8%.
The profits made by construction enterprises qualified for general contracts and specialized contracts exceeded 1.08 trillion yuan, growing by 12.7%. The housing construction areas totaled 652.473 million square meters, a rise of 10.1%, while the areas completed reached 210.438 million square meters, rising by 5.6%.
Ⅳ. Investment in Fixed Assets
The provincial investment in fixed assets (excluding rural households) increased by 10.1% over the previous year, of which, the non-government investment grew by 18.3%. Classified by types of economy, the investment in fixed assets of state-owned units was down by 4.4% while the non-state-owned units up by 16.8%. As for investment direction, the investments in the people’s livelihood, ecology, high-tech industry, and technical innovation up 17.4%, 20.2%, 37.8%, and 35.7% respectively; while that of infrastructure down by 0.1%. Regionally, the investments in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) city cluster rose by 10.7%; the southern Hunan up 11.2%; the western Hunan increased by 8.5%; and, the Dongting Lake area seeing a 9.5% growth.
The number of projects under construction across the province increased by 14.1% over the previous year. Of which, the newly-started projects grew by 15.6%; and, newly-operated up by 26.2%.
The investment in real estate development totaled 444.55 billion yuan, increasing by 12.7% over last year. Of the total, residential housing investment was 319.73 billion yuan, up by 15.7%. The commercial housing sales decreased by 1.5% to 91.035 million square meters. The residential housing sales rose by 0.9% to 80.732 million square meters. The sales value of commercial and residential housing was 557.8 billion yuan and 472.14 billion yuan, increased by 4.2% and 7.9% respectively. The area of residential housing for sale totaled 14.107 million square meters at year-end, 3.097 million square meters less than last year, a decline of 18%.
Ⅴ. Domestic Trade and Prices
Hunan’s total retail sales of consumer goods reached 1723.95 billion yuan, a growth of 10.2% over the previous year. In terms of business location, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas stood at 1555.77 billion yuan, up by 10.1% and that in rural areas 168.18 billion yuan, up by 11.1%. As for consumption types, 1509.3 billion yuan were made in commodity retail sales and 214.65 billion yuan in catering, increasing by 10% and 11.7% respectively. In terms of regions, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) city cluster, southern Hunan, western Hunan, and the Dongting Lake area was 715.9 billion yuan, 340.23 billion yuan, 304.1 billion yuan, and 363.72 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 10.2%, 10.3%, 10.2%, and 10.3% respectively.
The total retail sales of the legal entities of wholesale and retail industry above quota limit stood at 535.08 billion yuan, up by 10.7% over the previous year. Of the total, the retail sales of grain, oil, and groceries increased by 19.6%, that of cosmetics grew by 13.8%, household appliances and audio-video equipment by 7.2%, Chinese and western drugs rose by 16.5%, furniture up by 26.3%, petroleum and related products by 5.2%, and automobiles up 8.3%. Among the intelligent and environmental-friendly products, sales of smart household appliances and audiovisual equipment increased by 39.7%, smartphones up 71%, and new energy vehicles grew by 190%.
Online retail sales of physical commodities amounted to 135.18 billion yuan, up by 26.8% over last year. This accounted for 7.8% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, 1.2 percentage points higher than that of 2018.
In 2019, the CPI (Consumer Price Index) in Hunan increased by 2.9% over the previous year. The CPI in urban and rural areas went up by 2.8% and 3.1% respectively. The retail price of commodities surged by 2.3%, and the factory gate price decreased by 0.4% while the purchase price increased by 0.2%. Price of fixed assets investment went up by 1.7%. The producer price of agricultural products and the price for means of agricultural production rose by 18% and 2.5% respectively.
Ⅵ. Foreign Economic Relations
Hunan’s total import and export value was worth 434.22 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year increase of 41.2%. Of the total, the export value was 307.61 billion yuan, up by 51.9%, and the import value 126.61 billion yuan, up by 20.4%. In terms of trade types, the export value of general trade reached 241.19 billion yuan, up by 54.6%, and that of processing trade totaled 55 billion yuan, up by 22.2%. Considering top 5 exported commodity categories, the export value of apparel and clothing accessories was 26.97 billion yuan, up by 72.6%; shoes increased by 44.1% to 12.19 billion yuan; toys up by 280% to 11.3 billion yuan; ceramics grew by 56.4% to 10.53 billion yuan; and, steel went up by 30.8% to 9.99 billion yuan. The exports by major countries (regions) to Hong Kong increased by 48.3% to 60.83 billion yuan; that to USA, EU, and the ASEAN countries increased by 24%, 73%, and 66.3% to 36.14 billion yuan, 45.39 billion yuan, and 50.29 billion yuan respectively.
The actual utilized foreign direct investment (FDI) in Hunan was 18.1 billion dollars, a year-on-year increase of 11.8%. FDI in the primary, secondary, and tertiary industry was 0.72 billion dollars, 8.03 billion dollars, and 9.35 billion dollars, up by 15.7%, -0.7%, and 25% respectively. Hunan introduced 134 foreign-funded projects with paid-in investment of over 30 million dollars for each. It also attracted 3 new investment projects of the Fortune 500 within the year. Moreover, it attracted 713.33 billion yuan of actual investment from other provinces in China, up by 18.8%. Of the total, the investments in the primary, secondary, and tertiary industry were 51.78 billion yuan, 356.67 billion yuan, and 304.88 billion yuan, up by 23.9%, 19.1%, and 17.8% respectively. A total of 712 projects worth over two hundred million yuan were introduced from foreign countries and other provinces, an increase of 15.2%; the paid-in investment reached 286.48 billion yuan, up by 28.3%.
The value of new contracts on foreign projects, labor service cooperation, and design consultation signed by the province totaled 12.55 billion dollars, a year-on-year increase of 30.6%. The turnover of these projects totaled 10.22 billion dollars, up by 20.6%; and there were 164,000 expatriate labors, up by 24.2%. In 2019, the volume of foreign investment contracts was 1.17 billion dollars, down by 35.8%. Of the total, the agreed investment amount decreased by 31.6% to 1.09 billion dollars; and, the actual foreign investment down 42.4% to 960 million dollars.
Ⅶ. Transportation, Post, Telecommunications, and Tourism
Hunan’s total converted turnover volume of passenger and freight traffic was 566.03 billion ton-km, a year-on-year increase of 3.9%. The turnover volume of freight traffic was 459.33 billion ton-km, a growth of 4.3%. Of the total, cargo transported via rail was 85.54 billion ton-km, up 5.2%; and that by road was 329.77 billion ton-km, increasing by 5.9%. The total turnover volume of passenger traffic was 166.1 billion person-km, a decrease of 0.4%. Of the total, passengers traveling by rail increased by 2.7% to 100.6 billion person-km, that by road declined by 9.7% to 43.35 billion person-km, and that utilizing civil aviation reached 21.8 billion per-km, increasing by 6.2%.
The total highway mileage amounted to 241 thousand kilometers, 0.2% longer than that at the end of previous year. Among which, the expressway mileage increased 77 kilometers to 6,802 kilometers. Railway mileage totaled 5,271 kilometers, among which high-speed railway mileage reached 1,986 kilometers. The total number of motor vehicles for civilian use reached 8.754 million, up by 11.3%, private-owned vehicles stood at 8.127 million, growing by 11.7%, and cars for civilian use numbered 4.794 million, up by 11.4%.
Of the total, post services was 32.18 billion yuan, an increase of 29.6%, and telecommunication services was 425 billion yuan, a growth of 71.7%. The year of 2019 also saw 6.231 million fixed telephone subscribers, down by 3.7%. Mobile phone users numbered 66.481 million by the end of 2019, up by 5.5%. Internet broadband subscribers amounted to 18.738 million, a year-on-year increase of 14.6%.
The year of 2019 saw 830 million domestic tourist arrivals in Hunan, rising by 10.3% compared with that of 2018. The number of inbound trips to Hunan totaled 4.67 million, an increase of 24.5%. The overall revenue generated by tourism amounted to 976.23 billion yuan, an increase of 15.6%. Domestic tourism revenue reached 961.34 billion yuan, marking a 15.3% growth, while international tourism income increased by 34.8% to 2.25 billion dollars.
Ⅷ. Finance, Banking, and Insurance
Hunan’s total fiscal revenue reached 300.699 billion yuan, up by 5.11% compared with the previous year. Of the total, tax revenue and non-tax revenue reached 206.192 billion yuan, a 5.22% increase; and, 94.507 billion yuan, a 4.87% increase. Of the tax revenue, domestic added-value tax was 78.957 billion yuan, up 1.83% over the previous year; and, the corporate income tax was 24.716 billion yuan, increasing by 4.91%.
Savings deposits in RMB and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions totaled 5,266.04 billion yuan at the end of the year, an increase of 7.5% compared with that at the end of the previous year. Of the total, savings deposit of households was 2,841.03 billion yuan, up 11.9%; and, that of non-financial enterprises was 1304.57 billion yuan, basically unchanged from that of the previous year respectively. The balance of various domestic and foreign currency loans was 4,241.54 billion yuan, an increase of 16.%. Of the total, loans for households, and loans for non-financial enterprises, government agencies and organizations were 1,570.62 billion yuan and 2,661.78 billion yuan, up by 18.5% and 14.7% respectively.
There were 105 domestic A-share listed companies in Hunan Province by the end of 2019. The direct financing of the province totaled 309.333 billion yuan, up by 9.7%. The total market value of A-share listed companies was 986.593 billion yuan, an increase of 39.3%. At the end of the year, there were 437 stock companies in the province, 13 more than the previous year. There were 3 futures companies with 4,526.73 billion yuan business volume.
The premium received by the insurance companies totaled 136.91 billion yuan in 2019, up by 11.2% over the previous year. Of the total, the premiums of life insurance, health insurance, accident insurance and property insurance were 70.95 billion yuan, a 4.8% increase; 25.35 billion yuan, an increase of 34%; 3.53 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3%; and, 39.78 billion yuan, an increase of 11.3% respectively. Meanwhile, insurance companies paid an indemnity worth 42.38 billion yuan, a growth of 3.2%.
Ⅸ. Education, Science and Technology
There were 110 regular institutions of higher learning at the end of the year. The number of postgraduates was 21,000, the number of graduates from university and specialized colleges associated with general higher education was 362,000, and that of graduates from secondary vocational schools was 210,000. The number of senior secondary school graduates, junior secondary school graduates and primary school graduates was 380,000, 769,000, and 839,000 respectively. Kindergartens accommodated 2.276 million children, a year-on-year increase of 1.1%. Enrolment rate of school-age children in primary school hit 100% and the secondary gross enrollment rate was 93.04%. There were 2.973 million students enrolled in 13,496 non-government colleges and schools. About 1.61 billion yuan was offered as national scholarships and student grants for 733,000 students of colleges and universities. About 380 million yuan of state stipend was offered to 380,000 students of secondary vocational schools. About 9.4 billion yuan was allocated for compulsory education, and 480 million yuan as a state stipend for senior secondary schools.
There were 16 national and 246 provincial engineering research centers (laboratories) in Hunan by the end of 2019. There were 38 national-provincial joint engineering research centers (laboratories) set up; and 14 national engineering (technology) research centers and 429 engineering (technology) research centers at the provincial level established. There were 18 national key laboratories and 306 key laboratories at the provincial level as well as 54 national-recognized enterprise technology centers. A total of 9,023 technology transfer contracts were signed, representing 49.07 billion yuan in value. The number of registered scientific research results reached 814, among which, 23 won National Scientific and Technological Advancement Awards, 5 national technological invention awards, and 3 National Natural Science Awards. The construction of Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Bio-species Industry Innovation Center, and Advanced Rail Transit Equipment Innovation Center have been steadily promoted. The Yuelu Mountain University Science and Technology Town and the Malanshan Video Cultural and Creative Industrial Park saw 1,012 and 812 newly-established enterprises respectively. The number of patent applications and authorized patents reached 106,113 and 54,685 respectively, increased by 12.3% and 11.7%. Of this total, 39,104 patent applications for original inventions were accepted, up by 10.4%; and 8,479 patents for such inventions were authorized, up by 2.6%. The number of patent applications for industrial and mineral enterprises, universities and colleges, and scientific research institutes reached 56,251, 19,157 and 963 respectively, while the number of authorized patents were 30,344, 9,142 and 577. The value-added of new and high-technology industry was 947.29 billion yuan, up by 14.3%.
By the end of 2019, 1,845 testing organizations for product inspection have been established in Hunan. Of which, there were 17 national product quality supervision and inspection centers, and 103 legal agencies for metrology verification. There were 1,827 special equipment manufacturers and 376,200 such facilities across the province. The qualification rate of key industrial products under quality random inspection was 86%. Hunan has involved in the development of 9 international standards and 89 national standards, and established 238 local standards. It has published 237 kinds of maps, witnessed 719,000 visits to MAPWORLD, and offered 2.24 million fundamental geographic information data.
Ⅹ. Culture, Public Health and Sports
By the end of 2019, there were 510 art-performing groups, 145 mass art centers and culture centers, 140 public libraries, 121 museums and memorials, 14 radio broadcasting stations, and 16 television stations. Subscribers to cable television programs numbered 8.022 million households. Radio broadcasting and television broadcasting coverage rates were 99.36% and 99.72% respectively, up by 0.34 and 0.08 percentage points respectively. There were 118 state-level intangible cultural heritage protection projects and 324 provincial level protection projects in the province. There were 10,793 sorts of books, 254 types of magazines, and 47 types of newspapers issued. A total of 450 million copies of books, 90 million copies of magazines and 800 million copies of newspapers were issued.
By the end of 2019, there were 57,234 medical and health institutions in the province, including 1,616 hospitals, 136 maternal and child health-care institutions, 84 specialized epidemic disease prevention and control centers, 2,169 township health centers, 806 community health service centers, 11,782 clinics, and 39,504 village clinics. There were a total of 503,000 health workers, an increase of 15.1% over last year. Of the total, practicing doctors and assistant practicing doctors numbered 190,000, up by 4.9%; and registered nurses numbered 242,000, up by 31.5%. The hospitals in the province possessed 365,000 beds, up by 4.8%; and, township health centers 105,000 beds, up by 3.7%.
The province carried out 2,670 mass fitness programs with regular participants of 24.22 million. The number of administrative villages with newly-built sports fitness projects for farmers was 880. In 2019, Hunan athletes won 8 world championships, 14 Asian championships and 77 national championships. There were altogether 130,973 sports grounds and related buildings, including 248 stadiums, 6,506 sports grounds, 756 swimming pools and 7,032 all sorts of training rooms.
Ⅺ. Population, Living Conditions, and Social Security
By the end of 2019, the population of permanent residents in Hunan reached 69.184 million, including 39.587 million urban residents with an urbanization rate of 57.22%, a year-on-year growth of 1.2 percentage points. The year of 2019 saw 718 thousand births, a birth rate of 10.39‰; 503 thousand deaths, a death rate of 7.28‰; and, a natural population growth rate of 3.11‰. The number of population aged 0-15 (under the age of 16) accounted for 21.43% of that of permanent residents, a year-on-year increase of 0.65 percentage points; the number of population aged 16-59 (under the age of 60) occupied 59.94% of that of permanent residents, decreased by 0.79 percentage points; and the number of population aged over 6
