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Rare earth metal is also named rare earth element, a general term for the 17 elements such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanum etc. of IIIB family in the periodic table of elements.
The earliest tungsten ore discovered in Hunan in 1910
It was said that several Taoists were constructing a Taoist temple in Waziping in the northeast of Chaling County, Zhuzhou City, next to Lianhua in Jiangxi Province. While building the foundation of the temple, they happened to unearth several black stones, much heavier than the average stone of the same size. They thought that these stones must be extraordinary; they later had them tested in Changsha City. It turned out to be a sort of tungsten ore.
In 1914, tungsten ore was initially exploited in Hunan.
After the discovery of tungsten ore in Chaling County, Mr. Luo Zechun came to Yaoganxian Town, Yizhang County in Chenzhou City, from which he took a stone locally called "Youzi" (It literally means a ghostly stone) and had it tested in Changsha. It was later testified to be tungsten ore. In 1914, Yufu Company, for which Luo worked, started to extract tungsten ore in Yaoganxian Town.
It was said that several Taoists were constructing a Taoist temple in Waziping in the northeast of Chaling County, Zhuzhou City, next to Lianhua in Jiangxi Province. While building the foundation of the temple, they happened to unearth several black stones, much heavier than the average stone of the same size. They thought that these stones must be extraordinary; they later had them tested in Changsha City. It turned out to be a sort of tungsten ore.
In 1914, tungsten ore was initially exploited in Hunan.
After the discovery of tungsten ore in Chaling County, Mr. Luo Zechun came to Yaoganxian Town, Yizhang County in Chenzhou City, from which he took a stone locally called "Youzi" (It literally means a ghostly stone) and had it tested in Changsha. It was later testified to be tungsten ore. In 1914, Yufu Company, for which Luo worked, started to extract tungsten ore in Yaoganxian Town.
Chuangkou, a place located in Hengnan County of Hengyang City, was another renowned site of tungsten ore deposits in Hunan Province. The story about its discovery was also dramatic. In 1946, The Second Special Ore Deposit Administration Department under the then national people's government was visited by a mysterious guest, who desired to sell his ore, but was reluctant to disclose its location. However, based upon his accent, somebody then and there judged him to come from Chuangkou, Hengyang City. Following this clue, Geology Investigation Bureau of Hunan Province found the tungsten ore site of Chuankou, Hengnan County in April.
The largest tungsten ore site is situated in Shizhuyuan, Chenzhou County. According to the record in The History of Hunan in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, the two places, Shizhuyuan, and Getengping of Chenzhou County were permitted to produce tin ore. It was reported in 1931 by Economics Investigation Center of Construction Department of Hunan Province that a small quantity of tungsten ore was found in the lake of Shizhuyuan. It was not until the year of 1956 that Chen Keqiang and other staffs from Hunan Province Branch Bureau of Geology of former
Metallurgic Industry Department discovered that there existed a large quantity of tungsten ore in Shizhuyuan.
Xikuangshan (Mountain of Tin Minerals), the capital of stibium, has been a focus of world attention since World War.
The earliest record of stibium production in Hunan Province can be found in the Section of Geography of the Book of Han Dynasty. China, as one of the countries that discovered and made use of stibium at a comparatively early time, has already began to mix it in copper to make copper coin since Han Dynasty.
In the late Ming Dynasty, stibium in large quantities was discovered in Xikuangshan, Lengshuijiang City, under the jurisdiction of Loudi City. It was once wrongly exploited as tin until it was decided that tin can't be refined from the stones. However, as the story went around, all believed it was tin. That's how Xikuangshan (Mountain of Tin Minerals) got its name.
In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1897), Zhou Yuanfan from Xinhua County was appointed by Chen Baozhen, governor-inspector of Hunan Province as director Bureau of Mines of Hunan Province. Yan Yonglu, a countyfellow of Zhou held a banquet in his honor to congratulate him on his promotion. At the banquet, the two talked about the mineral deposits in their hometown. After Zhou came back home, he checked the records about tin distributed in Xikuangshan. Out of suspicion that the tin there probably was stibium, he sent Yan to Xikuangshan (Mountain of tin minerals) to explore ore.
As a remote and sparsely populated area, Xikuangshan (Mountain of tin minerals) was then covered with primitive trees and bushes, and the haunt of tigers and leopards. Only dozens of houses were scattered in the mountainous places like Taotang, Changlongjie and Dongxia, inhabited by villagers surnamed Yang, Kang and Tong only.
To conceal his real purpose, under the guise of examing "Fengshui"(风水: the location of a person's house and (or) ancestral grave, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family and his offsprings; a geomantic omen) Yan entered Xikuangshan along with Liu Lvzhai, who was a master of "Fengshui" from Langtang, Xinhua County. Because of its being backward and isolated from the outside world, the local villagers took the horse they rode for a hornless bull.
When they arrived at Xikuangshan, Yan saw a lot of ores, which looked like tin, but was not genuine tin. So he took some samples and had them tested in Changsha. It was testified to be stibium. Later, stibium Bureau was established in Xinhua under the guidance of governor-inspector of Hunan Province Chen Baojian. The government was responsible for collecting and refining ores excavated by villagers. Because of a lack of adequate technology and fund, it was later handed over to the business people. From then on, Xikuangshan completely entered the era of stibium.
The earliest record of stibium production in Hunan Province can be found in the Section of Geography of the Book of Han Dynasty. China, as one of the countries that discovered and made use of stibium at a comparatively early time, has already began to mix it in copper to make copper coin since Han Dynasty.
In the late Ming Dynasty, stibium in large quantities was discovered in Xikuangshan, Lengshuijiang City, under the jurisdiction of Loudi City. It was once wrongly exploited as tin until it was decided that tin can't be refined from the stones. However, as the story went around, all believed it was tin. That's how Xikuangshan (Mountain of Tin Minerals) got its name.
In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1897), Zhou Yuanfan from Xinhua County was appointed by Chen Baozhen, governor-inspector of Hunan Province as director Bureau of Mines of Hunan Province. Yan Yonglu, a countyfellow of Zhou held a banquet in his honor to congratulate him on his promotion. At the banquet, the two talked about the mineral deposits in their hometown. After Zhou came back home, he checked the records about tin distributed in Xikuangshan. Out of suspicion that the tin there probably was stibium, he sent Yan to Xikuangshan (Mountain of tin minerals) to explore ore.
As a remote and sparsely populated area, Xikuangshan (Mountain of tin minerals) was then covered with primitive trees and bushes, and the haunt of tigers and leopards. Only dozens of houses were scattered in the mountainous places like Taotang, Changlongjie and Dongxia, inhabited by villagers surnamed Yang, Kang and Tong only.
To conceal his real purpose, under the guise of examing "Fengshui"(风水: the location of a person's house and (or) ancestral grave, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family and his offsprings; a geomantic omen) Yan entered Xikuangshan along with Liu Lvzhai, who was a master of "Fengshui" from Langtang, Xinhua County. Because of its being backward and isolated from the outside world, the local villagers took the horse they rode for a hornless bull.
When they arrived at Xikuangshan, Yan saw a lot of ores, which looked like tin, but was not genuine tin. So he took some samples and had them tested in Changsha. It was testified to be stibium. Later, stibium Bureau was established in Xinhua under the guidance of governor-inspector of Hunan Province Chen Baojian. The government was responsible for collecting and refining ores excavated by villagers. Because of a lack of adequate technology and fund, it was later handed over to the business people. From then on, Xikuangshan completely entered the era of stibium.
Scheelite
Stibnite in Lengshuijiang City under the jurisdiction of Loudi City of Hunan Province
Tungsten is almost an indispensible material to make a variety of high-speed ammunition, particularly, armor-piercing bullet.
Indium antimonide is a core material for the electronic component of infrared missile.
Lanthanumchloride powder In the gulf war, the night vision device blended with rare earth metals has become an overwhelming advantage of the American tanks. Nowadays, every one of the six new inventions can not do without rare earth metal. Chinese rare earth metals are substantially employed for manufacturing American and Japanese weapons.
- Photos taken by Zhouzhigang
- Tanslated by Zhangzhiqing
- Chinese script edited by Zangjie
- Designed by Liumin Miaolin
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